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The Internet Timeline of China
1. In 1986, Chinese Academic Network (CANET) – one of international
networking projects of Beijing Research Institute of Computer Application
Technology has been launched. The University of Karlsruhe in Germany acted
as a partner.
2. In September 1987, CANET built up the first domestic Internet e-mail
node in Beijing Research Institute of Computer Application Technology,
and sent out the first e-mail from China on September 14 with the title
of “Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world.”
The e-mail was sent by PAD (set in Beijing by ITAPAC [Italy]) through
ITAPAC and DATEX?P PAC [Germany]. It was connected to the University of
Karlsruhe, with the initial communication baud rate of 300bps.
3. In early 1988, China’s first X.25 PAC – CNPAC has been
established. Major cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang,
Xi’an, Wuhan, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Shenzhen had been covered.
4. In December 1988, the college network of Tsinghua University was connected
to Canada's University of British Columbia (UBC) through X.25 network
and initiated the E-mail applications by adopting X400 protocol E-mail
software pack, which was introduced by Professor Hu Daoyuan from UBC.
5. In 1988, the DECnet of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP),
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) became the extension of the central
DECnet in Western Europe by adopting X.25 protocol. It then achieved long-distance
connection of computers and E-mail communications with regions in Europe
and North America.
6. In May 1989, the Chinese Research Network (CRN) was connected to the
German Research Network through the pilot X.25 net. Members of CRN include:
the No. 15 Institute of Electronic Science of the Ministry of Electronic
(located in Beijing), the No. 30 Institute of the Ministry of Electronic
(located in Chengdu), the No. 54 Institute of the Ministry of Electronic
(located in Shijiazhuang), Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
(located in Shanghai) and Southeast University (located in Nanjing), etc.
Services that CRN can provide include Email (X.400 [MHS] standard), file
transmission (FTAM standard), catalogue (X.500 standard) and so on. People
may also access the Internet through the gateway of DFN in Germany.
7. In October 1989, one of credit projects of the World Bank -- the Demonstration
Network for Education and Scientific Research in Zhongguancun Area (named
by the State Development Planning Commission), or National Computing and
Networking Facility of China (NCFC, named by the World Band) prepared
for initiation. It was then formally launched in November. NCFC is a high-tech
information infrastructure project of the “Key Subject Development
Project” of the World Bank, and was invested and supported by the
State Development Planning Commission, CAS, the National Natural Science
Funds and the State Development Planning Commission. The project was charged
by CAS, and was jointly implemented by Peking University and Tsinghua
University. The chief goal of the project was to consummate the construction
of the NCFC backbone network and the college networks through technical
cooperation with Peking University, Tsinghua University and CAS.
8. On Nov. 28, 1990, Professor Qian Tianbai formally registered .CN -
the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of China in Stanford Research
Institute’s Network Information Center (SRI-NIC), and initiated
the international e-mail services under .CN. From that day on, China obtained
its own identity on the Internet. Since China was not achieved the full
functional connection with the Internet yet, the .CN TLD server was temporarily
deployed in the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.
9. In 1991, by using DECNET proxy, High Energy Physics Institute, Chinese
Academy of Sciences connected to the LIVEMORE laboratory of Stanford Linearity
Accelerator Center (SLAC) in X.25 mode, and initiated the email applications.
10. In June 1992, ’92 INET Conference held in Kobe, Japan. Prof.
Qian Hualin made an appointment with the principal of International Network
Department; National Sciences Foundation discussed the issue of official
connection between China and the Internet. However, he was informed there
were political obstacles since so many U.S. governments had connected
to the Internet.
11. In later December 1992, Tsinghua University Network (TUNET) was set
up and went into service. TUNET is the first college network that adopts
TCP/IP structure in China. The backbone was successfully adopted FDDI
technique for the first time, which leaded many aspects within China such
as the scale, the technique level and the application of networks.
12. In later 1992, the College Network (i.e. CASNET, which connects over
30 research institutes in Zhong Guan Cun area and CAS headquarter in San
Li He) of Project NCFC, TUNET (Tsinghua University Net) and PUNET (Peking
University Net) completed the construction.
13. On March 2, 1993, a 64K dedicated line to the Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center (SLAC) was officially opened. Built by the Institute of High-Energy
Physics, CAS, the dedicated line was connected to the United States through
an international satellite communication channel rented from AT&T.
It was only permitted to connect with the American energy network, because
the U.S. government forbade any socialist countries to access the Internet
that contained plenty of science and technology information and other
resources. Nonetheless, it was still the first dedicated line through
which China partly connected to the Internet. With corporation and investment
of 300,000 RMB from the State Fund Commission, it then brought all the
scientists in charge of key topics in various subjects to the dedicated
line and enabled several hundred scientists to use E-mail in China.
14. On March 12, 1993, deputy premier Zhu Rongji proposed and deployed
the establishment of National Public Economic Information Network (i.e.
Golden Bridge Project).
15. In April 1993, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy
of Sciences called part of Network specialists in Beijing to investigate
the domain name systems of each country, then framed the domain name system
of China.
16. In June 1993, experts of NCFC reiterated China's requests for being
connected to the Internet at the '93 INET Conference, and discussed such
issue with the global Internet communities. After the meeting, researcher
Qian Hualin attended the CCIRN (Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental
Research Networking) Meeting, and won the support of majority participants
in favor of bringing the Internet connection to China. The conference
gave a great boost to China's connection to the Internet.
17. On August 27, 1993, Premier Li Peng approved to use the Premier Reserve
of 3 million USD to support the Golden Bridge Project in initiating its
prophase construction.
18. On December 10, 1993, the National Joint Conference on Economy Informatinalizing
had been formed. Zou Jiahua, the deputy Premier of the State Council was
appointed the chair.
19. In December 1993, the backbone network construction of NCFC was accomplished.
It connected three universities by high-speed optic cable and routers.
20. In early April 1994, the Sino-American Federation of Scientific and
Technological Cooperation Committee held meeting in Washington. Before
the meeting, on behalf of China, the academician Hu Qiheng, the vice-president
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reiterated to the National Science
Fund (NSF) the request of China’s Internet connection. The proposal
was approved.
21. On April 20, 1994, the NCFC project opened a 64K international dedicated
line to the Internet through Sprint Co. Ltd of the United States, which
achieved its full-functional connection to the Internet. Since then, China
has been officially recognized as a country with full functional Internet
accessibility. It was elected one of China's top 10 scientific and technological
events in 1994 by the Chinese press community and designated as one of
China's key scientific and technological achievements in 1994 by the State
Statistical Communiqué.
22. On May 15, 1994, the High-Energy Physics Research Institute, CAS set
up China's first web server and made the first set of web pages. Apart
from briefing on the development of high technology in China, there was
another column called “Tour in China”. Since then, the column
expanded its range to the information about news, economies, culture and
business and provided essays together with pictures and renamed “Windows
of China” afterward.
23. On May 21, 1994, with the assistance of Professor Qian Tianbai and
Karlsruhe University (Germany), the computer network information center,
CAS finished setting up the China's top domain name (CN) servers, which
ended the history of location abroad of CN servers. Qian Tianbai and Qian
Hualin are nominated managing contactor and technical contactor respectively.
24. In May 1994, the National Research Center for Intelligent Computing
System opened the first BBS in Chinese mainland – Dawn BBS.
25. On June 8, 1994, general office of the State Council issued “General
Office of the State Council‘s Notice on the Related Issues of ‘Three
Golden Projects’”. From this day on, the prophase construction
of the Golden Bridge Project was entirely carried out.
26. On June 28, 1994, with help of Tokyo University of Sciences, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology began the pilot run of the leased line
connecting with the Internet.
27. In earlier July 1994, the six-college-established (mainly by Tsinghua
University) trial network “China Education and Research Network”
began to operate. By using IP/x.25 technique, it became a TCP/IP based
computer network that connected Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing
and Xi’an, and also connected with the Internet through the international
port of NCFC.
28. In August 1994, the project of China Education and Research Network
(CERNET) was officially set. It was invested by the State Development
Planning Commission and charged by the State Development Planning Commission,
and aimed at connecting college computers and share the resources by using
advanced computer and network communication technologies. Further more,
it planed to connect with international learning networks, and establish
a full functional administrative network system.
29. In September 1994, Directorate General of Telecommunications P &
T and the Department of Commerce of United States signed an agreement
on the Internet connection. In the agreement, the Office of Telecommunication
should open two 64K leased lines (one was in Beijing, another was in Shanghai)
with the assistance of the Sprint Corporation in America. It marked the
start-up of the CHINANET.
30. In November 1994, the Administrative Commission of NCFC hosted the
annual meeting of Asia-Pacific Networking Group (APNG) in Tsinghua University
with assistance of CAS, Peking University and Tsinghua University. It
was the first International annual meeting of Internet community in Asia-Pacific
region held in China.
31. In January 1995, Directorate General of Telecommunications P &
T, China Telecom opened Beijing and Shanghai 64K leased lines to the United
States with help of Sprint Co. Ltd. It began to provide Internet accessing
services through telephone networks, DDN leased lines and X.25 networks.
32. In January 1995, “Chueng Kong Scholars” (Chisacm), the
journal published by Ministry of Education (State Educational Committee)
was put onto the Internet through CERNET, focusing on providing information
to the students abroad. It was the first Chinese E-journal in China.
33. In March 1995, CAS completed the long-distance connection to its four
branch institutions in Shanghai, Hefei, Wuhan and Nanjing with IP/X.25
technology. It is the first step that China began to spread the Internet
connection to the whole nation.
34. In March 1995, Professor Li Xing from Tsinghua University was elected
the Executive Committee member of the Asia-pacific Network Information
Center (APNIC) for the first time.
35. In April 1995, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched the project
of connecting its institutes that out side Beijing (known as “100
CAS Institutes Connection Project”). The objective of the project
was to expand the institute network (connected over 30 institutes of CAS
in Beijing) to 24 cities all over the country, in order to realize the
fully connection of all domestic learning institutions and the connection
with the Internet. Based on this project, the network expanded continuously,
and gradually connected with many scientific academies and researching
outside CAS. It became a scientific oriented national network, serving
scientific users, research branches and relevant governmental departments.
Its name was also changed into “China Science and Technology Network”(CSTNet).
36. In May 1995, the China Telecom began to prepare for building up the
national backbone network for CHINANET.
37. In July 1995, China’s first 128K leased line that connects to
the United States was opened by CERNET; meanwhile, CERNET also opened
DDN channels for its backbone network, connecting with eight cities -
Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang, Xi’an, Wuhan and
Chengdu. The connecting speed was 64Kbps. The NCFC connection was also
achieved.
38. In August 1995, the primary phase of “Golden Bridge Project”
was accomplished. It achieved the connection (through satellite network)
with 24 provinces and cities all over the country, and it further connected
with the Internet.
39. In December 1995, “100 CAS institutes connection project”
was accomplished.
40. In December 1995, ”CERNET demonstrate project” was accomplished.
This project was designed and constructed wholly by Chinese engineers.
41. In January 1996, the Informatization Leading Group of the State Council
and its executive office were established. Zou Jiahua, the deputy premier
of the State Council leaded the group. The former office of National Economic
Informatization Joint Meeting was renamed the office of Informatization
Promotion Leading Group of the State Council.
42. In January 1996, CHINANET backbone network completed its construction
and began to provide network services through out the country.
43. On February 1, 1996, The State Council issued “The Interim Regulations
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of International
Networking of Computer Information”.
44. On February 27, 1996, China International E-Commerce Center of China
International Electronic Commerce Center was formally established.
45. In March 1996, Tsinghua University proposed “the Unified Transmission
Standard for Chinese Character Coding Adept in Different Countries”
to IETF and was approved as RFC1922. It was the first Chinese proposal
being approved as RFC document.
46. On April 9, 1996, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued
“Rules for Administration of China’s Public Computer Networks
and International Connection”, and effective as of the same day.
47. On June 3, 1996, the Electronics Industry Administration published
“The Relevant Decisions on Administering the International Connection
of Computer Information Networks”. In the document, “China
GBN” was renamed “China Golden Bridge Information Network”.
It also accredited Jitong Communication Co. Ltd the inter-connecting organization
of China Golden Bridge Information Network, which was responsible for
managing the connection of inner organizations and users.
48. In July 1996, the Information Office of The State Council called specialists
form relative institutions to investigate the current technique implemental
and administrative situations of 4 major Networks and nearly 30 ISPs in
China. The investigation facilitated the standardization of network administration.
49. On September 6, 1996, the China Golden Bridge Network (China GBN)
opened a 256K leased line connected to the United States. China GBN also
announced the decision to provide Internet access service, mainly for
institutional users through dedicated lines and individual users through
telephone lines.
50. On September 22, 1996, the first domestic City Area Network (CAN)
- Shanghai Hotline started its test run, which marked the accomplishment
of the Shanghai Public Information Network – the main structure
of Shanghai information port project.
51. In September 1996, the State Development Planning Commission formally
approved starting the first stage project of “the Golden Bridge”.
52. On November 15, 1996, the Shihuakai Corporation built up the Shihuakai
Internet Café besides the capital gymnasium; it was the first Internet
café in China.
53. In November 1996, CERNET opened the 2M international line connected
to the U.S. In the same month, during the German president’s visiting,
CERNET opened the learned network between China and Germany – CERNET-DFN,
which is the first Internet connection to Europe from Chinese mainland.
54. In December 1996, the China Public Multimedia Communication Network,
known as Net 169 began its operation. As preliminary group of connected
web sites, Guangdong Shilingtong, Tianfu Hotline and Shanghai Online had
officially opened.
55. On January 1, 1997, People’s Daily Online (directed by People’s
Daily) connected to the Internet. This is the first key news website of
central government.
56. In February 1997, the Info-Highway Network began its operation. In
three months, it achieved the connection of eight cities including Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Shenzhen, Xi’an, Shenyang and Haerbin.
It became the earliest and largest private ISP/ ICP.
57. From April 18 to 21, 1997, The State Council held National Informatization
Workshop in Shenzhen and finalized the definition, elements, guidelines,
working principles, objectives and chief missions of the national informatization
mechanism. The workshop also approved “the 9th five-year planning”
and “2000 long-range objective”. Chinese Internet project
was listed on the construction agenda of the State Information Infrastructure.
The workshop also proposed to set up national network information center
and Internet exchange center.
58. On May 20, 1997, the State Council promulgated “the State Council's
Decision on Revising the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic
of China on Managing Computer Internet Information Networks”. It
amended “the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of
China on Managing Computer Internet Information Networks”.
59. On May 30, 1997, the Informatization Leading Group Office of the State
Council issued “Interim Policies on the Administration of Internet
Domain Names in China”. It then accredited CAS as the institute
for founding and administering China Internet Network Information Center
(CNNIC), while gave the authorization to the center of CERNET for managing
“.edu.cn” through a contract with CNNIC.
60. On May 31, 1997, Beijing University of Chemical Technology cut off
the satellite leased line and connected to the China Education and Research
Network (CERNET).
61. On June 3, 1997, entrusted by the Office of Informatization Promotion
Leading Group of State Council, CAS set up China Internet Network Information
Center (CNNIC) in its Computer Network Information Center. CNNIC operates
as the national Internet information center. On the same day, the Office
of Informatization Promotion Leading Group of State Council announced
the formation of CNNIC Steering Committee.
62. In October 1997, China's first national Internet backbone (ChinaNet)
realized the connection with other three backbone networks -- China Science
and Technology Network (CSTNET), China Education and Research Network
(CERNET) and China Golden Bridge Network (CHINAGBN).
63. In November 1997, CNNIC published the first “Statistical Report
on Internet Development in China”. By October 31, 1997, there were
299,000 computer hosts and 620,000 Internet users in China; 4,066 domain
names were registered under .CN. China had about 1,500 WWW web sites and
25.408M of the international bandwidth.
64. On December 30, 1997, the Ministry of Public Security issued the State
Council approved “The Management of the Security of International
Computer Network Information Networking”.
65. On March 6, 1998, the Informatization Steering Group of the State
Council issued “Implementing Rules for Interim Regulations of the
People’s Republic of China on the Management of International Computer
Information Networking”. The rules went into effect as of the date
of promulgation.
66. In March of 1998, the first meeting of the 9th National People’s
Congress gave approval of the establishment of the Ministry of Information
Industry (MII). The major task for MII is to administrate the national
manufacturing of IT products, national communication and software industries,
facilitating the informatization of the national economy and social services.
67. In May 1998, the project of constructing China Great Wall Network
was approved by central government.
68. In June 1998, CERNET formally participated in the trail network of
the next generation IP (IPv6) - 6BONE.
69. In July 1998, China Information Technology Security Certification
Center (CNITSEC) initiated its trial operation after obtaining the acceptance
of the Informatization Leading Group office of the State Council.
70. In July 1998, CHINANET launched the second-phase project of its backbone
network construction. This would expand the backbone bandwidth in its
major 8 regions into 155M; all the node routers in these regions will
be upgraded to kilo-mega bit routers.
71. In August 1998, the Ministry of Public Security officially formed
the Public Information Network Security Supervision Bureau. It takes the
responsibility of maintaining computer network securities, striking against
crime in cyberspace, supervising the security protection of computer information
systems.
72. On January 22, 1999, leaded by China Telecom and the Economic Information
Center of the State Economic and Trade Commission, over 40 relevant government
departments (offices and bureaus) hosted the Conference for Launching
the E-Government Project of P.R. China in Beijing. www.gov.cn, the primary
website of the project initiated its trial operation.
73. In January 1999, CNNIC published “the Third Statistic Report
on the Development of Internet in China”. By December 31, 1998,
there were 747,000 computer hosts and 2.1 million Internet users in China;
18,396 domain names were registered under .CN. China had about 5,300 WWW
web sites and 143.256Mbit/s of international bandwidth.
74. In January 1999, CERNET opened all its satellite backbone networks,
which enormously increased the transmission speed. In the same month,
China Science and Technology Network (CSTNET) launched two sets of satellite
systems, which replaced IP/X.25, and connected with more than 40 cities
all over the country.
75. On February 3, 1999, “the Certification System of Electronic
Business Information Security” – one of the Key Technological
R&D Programs of China’s 9th five-year planning (powered by China
International E-Commerce Center) passed the technical achievement appraisal
by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Pass-code Administrative
Commission. It also obtained the license for selling information security
products from relevant departments, and became the first purely self-developed
and copyright self-owned CA security certification system for E-commerce.
This system was successful in administrating the quota licenses of domestic
textile.
76. In February 1999, China National Information Security Testing Evaluation
& Certification Center (CNISTEC) was established.
77. On April 15, 1999, 23 influential presses of domestic websites gathered
together for the first time to discuss the development of the press media
of Chinese websites. “Chinese Journalistic Circles Network Media
Joint Pledge” was approved in principle. The participants called
on the recognition and protection of the information property on the Internet.
78. In May 1999, CCERT (CERNET Computer Emergency Response Team) was formed
in the Network Engineering Research Center of Tsinghua University. It
is the first organization for dealing with network emergencies in China.
79. On July 12, 1999, ChinaNet went public on Nasdaq. This is the first
Chinese conceptual stock of network company in Nasdaq.
80. In August 1999, over 200 colleges in 6 provinces used “All-China
College Students Recruiting System” on CERNET, and achieved the
first success.
81. On September 6, 1999, China International Electronic Commerce Exhibition
(E-COMMERCE Expo’99) was held in Beijing. The exhibition was hosted
by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and the Ministry
of Information Industry (MII). For the first time, Chinese government
hosted an E-commerce exhibition, and for the first time, China held such
a fruitful conference that demonstrated so many E-business technologies
and applicable resolutions.
82. In September 1999, China Merchants Bank took the lead in providing
the online banking service called “All in One Net”, establishing
the online service system that was composed mainly by enterprise/individual
oriented bank, online payment, online negotiable securities and online
shopping. Approved by the People’s Bank of China on conducting personal
banking business, China Merchants Bank became the first online commercial
bank in China.
83. In October 1999, Mr. Wu Jianping, a professor of Tsinghua University
was nominated the member of Address Supporting Organization (ASO) of the
Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
84. On November 2, 1999, Mr. Chen Yin, the deputy director general of
Telecom Administrative Bureau of MII attended ICANN Governmental Advisory
Committee (GAC) Meeting.
85. On December 23, 1999, the State Informatization Steering Group came
into existence, Wu Bangguo, the Vise Premier of the State Council chaired
the group. The former State Office of Informatization was renamed the
State Office of Informatization Promotion.
86. On January 1, 2000, “Regulations for the Protection of National
Computer Networks”was promulgated by National Administration for
the Protection of State Secrets, and was put into force on the same day.
87. On January 17, 2000, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) approved
“China International Economy and Trade Net” (CIETNet) project
which would be conducted by China International E-Commerce Center.
88. On January 18, 2000, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
published the fifth “Statistical Report on Internet Development
in China”. By the end of December 31, 1999, there were 3.5 million
computer hosts and 8.9 million Internet users in China. 48695 names were
registered under .CN, and China had about 15153 WWW websites and 351Mbit/s
of the international bandwidth.
89. On January 18, 2000, accredited by MII, China Internet Network Information
Center (CNNIC) launched the trial system of Chinese domain name.
90. On March 30, 2000, a national Internet exchange center started operation
in Beijing, which increased the inter-connection bandwidth of domestic
backbone networks from less than 10Mbit/s to 100Mbit/s.
91. On March 30, 2000, China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) issued
“the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Stock Commission”.
92. On May 17, 2000, China Mobile Network (CMNET) was put into operation.
On the same day, China Mobile Co. formally initiated the “Global
link WAP” Service.
93. On May 20, 2000, Chinese Domain Name Consortium (CDNC) was founded
in Beijing. It takes the responsibility of harmonizing and regulating
the development of Chinese domain name at a nongovernmental level.
94. On June 21, 2000, China Electronic Commerce Association was formally
established. It aimed at strengthening the cooperation and communication
among China and overseas in the field of E-commerce.
95. On July 1, 2000, being authorized by the State Council, the State
Development Planning Commission designated http://www.chinabidding.gov.cn
the sole network media that was entitled to publish government bidding
announcement.
96. On July 7, 2000, directed by the State Economic and Trade Commission
and MII, China Telecom Group and the State Economic and the Economic Information
Center of the Trade Commission jointly launched “the project of
enterprise accessing the Internet”.
97. On July 18, 2000, Qian Hualin, the research fellow of the Computer
Network Information Center, CAS, was elected the chair of Asia-Pacific
Top Level Domains (APTLD) and won all the ballots.
98. On July 19, 2000, China Unicom Public Computer Internet (UNINET) was
officially opened.
99. In July 2000, Dr. Gao Lulin, the former director general of the State
Information Property Bureau participated in the ICANN at-large board election.
He was nominated as one of the candidates on August 1.
100. On August 21, 2000, World Computer Congress 2000 was held in Beijing
International Conference Center. President Jiang Zemin gave an important
lecture in the conference, he stressed the necessity of setting up the
Internet pact, and also called on people to strengthen the administration
of information security, and make full use of the Internet.
101. On September 25, 2000, the State Council issued “The Telecommunication
Regulation of the People’s Republic of China”. This is the
first integrated regulation for administering the industry of telecommunication
in China, which marked the development of China’s telecommunication
industry had marched into the legal system track. On the same day, the
State Council implemented “Rules for Administering the Internet
Information Services”.
102. In September 2000, Tsinghua University finished constructing DRAGONTAP,
the first domestic exchange center of the next generation Internet. Through
DRAGONTAP, the three domestic backbone networks (CERNET, CSTNET, and NSFCNET)
were connected to STARTAP, an American exchange center of the next generation
Internet located in Chicago, and an exchange center of Asia Pacific Advanced
Network (APAN) in Tokyo, Japan. The connecting speed of the two lines
was 10Mbps. The project built up the connection of many scientific networks
such as Abilene, vBNS and CA*net3l, it also achieved the connection of
the next generation Internet through out the world.
103. In September 2000, CERNIC, the information service center of CERNET
took the lead in providing IPv6 assignment service in China.
104. On October 11, 2000, the 5th Plenary Session of the 15th Central
Committee of Communist Party of China made a momentous decision in achieving
the informatization. The plenary meeting reviewed and approved “Suggestions
on Programming the 10th five-year plan on National Economy and Social
Development by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China”,
which indicated “the promotion of national economy and social informatization
is a strategic action which would be adopted along with achieving the
modernization of socialism. Drive industrialization through informatization,
make better use of their advantages as late starters and attain progress
on social productivity by leaps and bounds.
105. On November 1, 2000, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
published “Trial Measures for the Administration of the Registration
of Chinese Domain Names” and “Trial Dispute Resolution Policy
of Chinese Domain Names”. CNNIC also entrusted the Chinese domain
name dispute resolution institution to China International Economy and
Trade Arbitration Center (CIETAC).
106. On November 6, 2000, the State Council News Office, the Ministry
of Information Industry (MII) issued “Interim Regulations for the
Administration of Publishing News Materials on Websites”.
107. On November 6, 2000, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) issued
“Regulations for the Administration of the Internet Electronic Bulletin
Services”.
108. On November 7, 2000, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) issued
“Announcement on Administering Chinese Domain Names”. In this
document, MII standardized the registration services and administrations
of Chinese domain names, and specifically accredited the Chinese domain
name registry to CNNIC.
109. On November 7, 2000, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
upgraded the Chinese Domain Name system, and initiated the registration
services of Chinese domain names under “.CN”, “.China
(in Chinese)”, “.Corporation (in Chinese)” and “.Network
(in Chinese)”.
110. On November 10, 2000, China Mobile presented “Monternet Program”.
By this means, it intended to found an open, cooperative and mutual beneficial
chain of industrial value.
111. On December 7, 2000, initiated by the Ministry of Culture, the Central
Committee of Communist Youth League, the State Administration of Radio
Film and Television, National Students' Federation, the State Office of
Informatization Promotion, Guangming Daily, China Telecom and China Mobile,
“the Internet Manners and Culture Project” was launched in
Beijing. “Civilized website accessing, civilized network establishment
and civilized Internet environment” was the theme of the project.
112. On December 12, 2000, People’s Daily, XinhuaNet, ChinaNet,
CCTV International Website, International Online Website, China Daily
and CYCNET obtained the approval form the State Council News Office for
press publication, and became the preliminary group of press websites
that obtained official authorization.
113. On December 28, 2000, members of the Standing Committee of the 9th
National People's Congress voted and approved “the Standing Committee
of CPC’s Decision on Protecting the Internet Security” on
their 19th session.
114. On January 1, 2001, the Internet project of “Every School Access
the Network” entered the phase of formal implementation.
115. On January 11, 2001, the State Food and Drug Administration issued
“Interim Regulations for the Administration of Internet Medicine
Information Services”. It was implemented on February 1, 2001.
116. On January 17, 2001, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
published “the 7th Statistical Report on the Development of the
Internet in China”. By the end of December 31, 2000, there were
approximately 8.92 million computer hosts in China, about 22.5 million
Internet users.122, 099 domain names were registered under .CN. China
had approximately 265,405 WWW websites, and 2,799Mbit/s of international
bandwidth.
117. In early February 2001, China Telecom began to provide the service
of International Roaming on the Internet.
118. On March 2, 2001, research fellow Qian Hualin and professor Li Xing
of Tsinghua University were elected members of the Executive Committee
of APNIC.
119. On April 3, 2001, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII), The
Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration
For Industry & Commerce jointly promulgated “Measures for the
Management of Internet Cafés”, and put it into effect as
of the same day.
120. On April 13, 2001, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII), The
Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration
for Industry & Commerce started the special Rectification of “Internet
Cafe”.
121. In April 2001, Professor Li Xing from Tsinghua University was elected
the new chair of the Asia Pacific Network Group (APNG) Executive Committee.
122. On May 25, 2001, the Internet Society of China (ISC) was founded
with the approval of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It was established
under the direction of the Ministry of Information Industry (MII), and
was formed by over 70 relevant organizations, including domestic ISPs,
ICPs, facility manufacturers, system integration business, academies and
educational institutions.
123. In May 2001, approving by the Central Establishment Committee, China
National Information Security Testing Evaluation and Certification Center
was founded. The main task of the organization was to examine and confer
state certifications on information security products, information system
security, information security services and information security professionals.
124. On June 1, 2001, leading by the Customs General Administration of
the People’s Republic of China, the port law enforcement system
that was developed by 12 relevant ministries and commissions finished
its trial operation in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Thereafter
China’s “Electronic Port” became functional all over
domestic ports.
125. In July 2001, “NSFCNET” (a high-speed Internet, the biggest
project invested so far by the Natural Science Foundation of China, 1999-2000),
a momentous joint project of the national natural fund that was undertaken
by Tsinghua University, Computer Network Information Center of CAS, Peking
University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing
Beihang University passed acceptance check, and established the first
learning network of the next generation Internet in China. The contents
include general design of China’s experimental network of the high
speed Internet; density wave minute multiplexing optical fiber transmission
system; high-speed computer network and key researches on applications
and demo systems in the environment of high-speed networks.
126. On July 9, 2001, the Bank of China promulgated “The Interim
Rules for the Administration of Online Banking Business”.
127. On July 11, 2001, the CPC held a lecture on legal affairs in Zhongnanhai
Huairentang, with the theme of protecting and facilitating the sound development
of information on the Internet by legal means. Jiang Zemin, the secretary
general of the CPC chaired the lecture, and emphasized that China shall
catch hold of opportunities, expedite the development of information and
network technologies, and apply it to practice in economy, society, technology,
national defense, education, culture and law.
128. On July 29, 2001, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) announced
the Structure Guideline of National Informatization, which became the
warranty and measure for analyzing and quantizing the current level of
informatization.
129. In July 2001, “the Key Informatization Program of 10th five-year
plan on National Economy and Social Development” was promulgated.
130. On August 23, 2001, the State Informatization Leading Group was reestablished.
Premier Zhu Rongji chaired the group.
131. In August 2001, the National Computer Network and Information Security
Administration Center established the national “Computer Network
Emergency Response Technical Team / Coordination Center of China”
(CNCERT/CC).
132. On September 7, 2001, “The Program for the 10th Five-Year-Planning
of Information Industry” was issued. This is the first industry
program after establishing the strategy of informatization by the government.
133. On September 7, 2001, the State Office of Informatization Promotion
published “the Survey Report on Quantity of Information Resources
of the Internet in China”, the survey was entrusted by the State
Office of Informatization Promotion, and jointly conducted by China Internet
Network Information Center (CNNIC), China Electronic Information Industry
Development Research Institute and Nanjing Researching Base of the National
Information Resources Administration. This is the first domestic survey
aiming at the information resources on the Internet. By the end of April
30, 2001, China had 692,490 domain names, 238,249 websites, 159,460,056
web pages and 45,598 online databases.
134. On September 20 2001, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII)
issued “Measures for Inter Accounting among Internet Backbone Networks”.
135. On September 29 2001, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII)
issued “Interim Regulations for Connecting Services of the Internet
Backbone Networks”.
136. On October 8, 2001, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) published
“The Interim Regulation for the Management of the Connection of
Backbone Networks”.
137. On October 27, 2001, after the 24th session of the Standing Committee
of the 9th National People's Congress, “the Information Network
Dissemination Right” was formally included in the revised version
of “The Copyright Law of People's Republic of China”. Relevant
regulations would protect copyrights by legal means in the environment
of Internet spreading.
138. On November 4, 2001, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
began to provide the service of Internet Keyword.
139. On November 20, 2001, the demonstration project of Chinese electron
government affairs application was approved by the relevant departments,
which marked a momentous advancement of China’s “E-government”.
140. On November 22, 2001, the Central Committee of Communist Youth League,
the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Culture, the State Council
News Office, All China Youth Federation, National Students' Federation,
the National Working Committee on Young Pioneer and China Youth Network
Association jointly presented “the Civilized Internet Pact of All
Country Teenagers”, a set of criteria for millions of domestic teenagers
to regulate their behaviors when using the Internet.
141. In November 2001, Academician Hu Qiheng, the vice Chair of Chinese
Association of Science, the director general of CNNIC Steering Committee
was appointed as the member of ICANN Internationalized Domain Name (IDN)
Committee.
142. On December 3, 2001, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
published the first “The Survey Report on the Internet Bandwidth
in China”. By the end of September 30, 2001, the international bandwidth
in China reached 5724M.
143. On December 20, 2001, “The Project of Families Access the Internet”
was formally initiated. The project was led and directed by the Ministry
of Information Industry (MII), the National Women's Federation, the Central
Committee of Communist Youth League, the Ministry of Science and Technology
and the Ministry of Culture.
144. On December 20, 2001, the Telecommunication Administration Bureau
of MII promulgated “Regulations for Financial Accounting of the
National Internet Exchange Center”.
145. On December 20, 2001, the 10 domestic backbone networks signed the
inter-connection agreement, which implied more convenient accessing of
the Internet by users in difference regions.
146. On December 22, 2001, China Unicom announced in Beijing that the
first-phase project of China Unicom CDMA mobile telecommunication network
had accomplished on time, and started its operate since December 31, 2001
in 31 provinces, municipalities and cities. The building up of China Unicom’s
CDMA network indicated that the telecommunication technology of China
Mobile had stepped into a new era.
147. On December 25, 2001, Premier Zhu Rongji, Chair of the State Informatization
Leading Group (SILG) moderated the first SILG meeting. As Premier Zhu
pointed out, the construction of China’s informatization should
be push forward by attaching greater importance to unified planning, persisting
with marketing, and preventing repeated construction of a same project.
148. At the end of December 2001, “China Education and Research
Network CERNET”, a high-speed backbone network project (1999—2001)
was obtained its qualification from the government. The project was a
main element of “the modern remote education project” in “the
national education promotion plan of 21st century”, and also the
important base for constructing the lifelong education system in China.
Based on DWDM/SDH, the project finished building the high-speed transmitting
network with a capacity of 40Gbps and backbone transmit rate of 2.5Gbps.
Except for Lhasa in Tibet, CERNET connected with other 35 provinces and
central cities at speed of 55Mbps. Nearly 100 colleges were connected
at speed of 100~1000Mbps. Based on CERNET, the Ministry of Education had
approved 47 colleges’ setting up network educational institutes
(later enlarged to 67 colleges), and also allowed 19 online cooperative
research centers to carry out remote education and scientific research
through CERNET.
149. On December 31, 2001, the National Internet Exchange Centers began
their operation in Shanghai and Guangdong respectively.
150. On January 15, 2002, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
published the 9th “Statistical Report on the Development of Internet
in China”. By the end of December 31, 2001, there were about 125.4
million computer hosts and 33.7 million Internet users in China. 127,319
domain names were registered under .CN. China had over 277,100 WWW websites
and 7597.5M of international bandwidth.
151. On March 14, 2002, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) approved
“Rules for the Administration of Internet Domain Names in China”
in its 9th session. The regulation was put in force on September 30, 2002.
152. On March 26, 2002, the Internet Society of China (ISC) issued “Self-Discipline
Treaty of Internet Industry in China” in Beijing, establishing the
foundation of domestic self-discipline mechanism.
153. On May 17, 2002, the Ministry of Culture issued “Notification
on Strengthen the Market Supervision of Internet Culture”.
154. On May 17, 2002, China Telecom made a start on “China Vnet”
plan in Guangzhou, which indicated the alliance of ISPs and ICPs in building
the industrial chain on broadband Internet.
155. On May 17, 2002, China Mobile took the lead in providing GPRS services
in the whole country. On November 18, Telecommunication Corporation of
China Mobile and AT&T jointly announced the starting of the GPRS International
Roaming Service between the two companies.
156. On June 27, 2002, the State Administration of Press and Publication
and the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) jointly issued “Interim
Regulations for the Administration of the Internet Publications”.
The regulation was formally put into force on August 1, 2002.
157. On July 3, 2002, the State Informatization Leading Group hosted its
second meeting. During the meeting, three documents were approved, i.e.
“Informatization – the Key Program in the 10th five-year plan
on National Economy and Social Development”, “Guiding Suggestions
on Constructing China’s E-government” and “Proceeding
Program on Promoting Software Industry”.
158. On September 25, 2002, China Internet Network Information Center
(CNNIC) issued “Detailed Rules for the Registration of Domain Names”,
“Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy” and “Rules for
Accrediting Domain Name Registrars”.
159. On September 29, 2002, Premier Zhu Rongji signed “Regulations
for the Management of Places of Internet Accessing”, the order No.
363 of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, It was
put into effect on November 15, 2002.
160. On September 30, 2002, “Rules for the Administration of Internet
Domain Names in China” was put into force.
161. From October 26 to 31, 2002, the Internet Corporation of Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN) held its meetings in Shanghai. This was the
first ICANN meeting in China. The conference was hosted by China Internet
Network Information Center (CNNIC) and the Internet Society of China (ISC).
162. On November 1, 2002, ISC formed the Counter- junk mail coordinated
group in Beijing with assistance of 263 Group and Sina.com. The main task
of the working group is to protect the proper benefits of Internet users
and E-mail service providers in China, fairly use the Internet resources
and regulate domestic E-mail service system.
163. On November 22, 2002, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII)
issued “The Bulletin about Internet Domain Name System in China”.
164. On November 25, 2002, approving by the Ministry of Information Industry
(MII), the first Internet Conference and Exhibition of China was held
in Shanghai with the Internet Society of China as the host. The conference
mainly discussed the innovation of the Internet application in China,
directing the further development of China’s Internet industry.
The theme of the conference was “The application of the Internet
– long for innovation”.
165. On December 16, 2002, as a sole registry of .CN, China Internet Network
Information Center (CNNIC) transmitted its customer services to the accredited
registrars. This is a fundamental innovation in domain name registration
service system since the deployment of .CN ccTLD in 1990 in China.
166. On January 16, 2003, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
published the 11th “Statistical Report on the Development of the
Internet in China”. By the end of December 31, 2002, there were
about 20.83 million computer hosts and 59.10 million Internet users in
China; 179 thousand domain names were registered under .CN. China had
about 371 thousand WWW websites and 9380M of the international bandwidth.
167. On March 17, 2003, China opened the name space of the second level
domain under .CN ccTLD. People now are permitted to register names directly
under .CN.
168. On May 10, 2003, the Ministry of Culture issued “Provisional
Regulations for Administering Internet Culture”. It took effect
on July 1, 2003.
169. On June 5, 2003, the Ministry of Culture issued “the Announcement
of the Approval Situation of Nationwide Internet Accessing Chain Store
Operators”. 10 organizations were approved to construct nationwide
Internet accessing store chain.
170. On June 26, 2003, CAS researcher Qian Hualin, an expert of computer
network and data communication, was elected as a member of ICANN board
of directors with 3 years’ term. This was the first time for Chinese
expert step into the highest decision making group of Internet address
resources.
171. On July 9, 2003, the information working office of the State Council
issued “Survey Report on China Internet Information Resources”
in Beijing. By the end of December 31, 2002, the total number of domain
names in China reached 940,300. China had 371,600 websites, 157 million
web pages and 82,900 online databases.
172. On August 8, 2003, the first release of “China Internet Development
Report” was formally published by ISC and CNNIC in Beijing. It was
the first large-scale literature that comprehensively described the development
situation of the Internet in China.
173. On August 8, 2003, the “anti-spam coordinate group” of
ISC announced the first issue of “Spam Server Name List”,
which attracted attentions of all circles of the society.
174. On August 11, the computer virus WORM_MSBlast.A intruded upon China
and infected the majority of domestic Internet users in a few days. The
worm virus broke the record and became one of the most serious computer
virus.
175. In August 2003, net game player Li Hongchen sued Beijing Arctic Ice
Technology Development Co. Ltd, the operator of “Red Moon”
net game, for losing his virtual equipments. This was the first net game
case, and legally educed the issue of virtual property conception.
176. On September 27, Asia-Pacific Internet Research Alliance (APIRA)
was formed in Beijing. The organization was initiated by CNNIC. The initial
member organization also included Korea Network Information Center (KRNIC),
City University of Hong Kong, University of Macao and Taiwan Network Information
Center (TWNIC).
177. On November 18, 2003, the State General Administration of Sport formally
approved the E-sports as the 99th national athletic sports.
178. On November 20, 2003, CNNIC published “Survey Report on the
Hot Issues of Internet Use”. The report covered the information
of website short message and bandwidth. It was the first time for CNNIC,
even for the whole nation to publish such kind of survey report. Statistics
showed that users averagely send 10.9 short messages through the Internet,
while 70.8% of the broadband users use ADSL.
179. On January 12, the three nations’ project (China-US-Russia)
- “Global Ring Network for Advanced Applications Development”
(GLORIAD) was accomplished. GLORIAD was funded and constructed by CAS,
the National Science Foundation (US) and Russia Ministry and Science Group
Alliance. GLORIAD will support the three countries even the global advanced
scientific and educational applications. Computer Network Information
Center of CAS, National Supercomputing Application Center of Illinois
University and Kolchatov Institute of Russia.
180. On January 15, 2004, CNNIC published the 13th “Statistical
Survey Report on the Internet Development of China”. By the end
of December 31, 2003, there were approximately 30.89 million computer
hosts, 79.50 million Internet users in China; 340,040 names were registered
under .CN domain. China had about 595,550 WWW website, and 27,216Mbps
of international bandwidth.
------Statistical Reports on the Internet Marketing in China Souce by
CNNIC
|
>
Simple facts about China
> Chinese character sets
> Chinese online games provider
sees income
triple
> World 'beauty makers' knocking
China door
> Cosmetic industry embarks on
reshuffle
> Chinese Internet User Profile
----- Till Jul, 2004
> Chinese Internet User Profile
----- Till Jan, 2004
> Chinese Internet User Profile
----- Till July, 2003 |
